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The main reasons for premature tomato failure include continuous planting, unreasonable fertilization, improper breeding practices, and phytotoxicity. In order to prevent premature aging, it is necessary to clarify the causes of premature aging and timely prevention and treatment:
First, increase organic fertilizer and fungus fertilizer
Tomato needs a large amount of fertilizer, fast fat consumption. For each 1,000 kilograms of tomato fruit produced, it requires 2-3.54 kilograms of nitrogen, 0.9-1 kilograms of phosphorus, and 3.89-6.6 kilograms of potassium. According to the characteristics of tomato demand fertilizer and the characteristics of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, it is necessary to apply enough base fertilizer to ensure supply, and in the case of ensuring the three elements required for the growth of tomatoes, appropriate addition of decomposed organic fertilizer, biological bacterial fertilizer and trace elements, Increase soil organic matter, improve soil permeability, and create a good environment for the growth of tomato roots. Especially in the seedling stage, flowering stage, maturity stage, and after the fruit is harvested for the first time, it must be top-dressed, quick-acting fertilizer and organic fertilizer ( (Matured), cake fat, human fecal urine, etc. are alternately used. Combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements (boron, calcium, zinc, iron) will restore the vitality of the plants and increase the yield of the second batch of fruits to prevent premature aging. effect. In the later stage of growth, appropriate amounts of foliar fertilizers such as 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+120g of brown sugar+400 times of urea, or 2% of superphosphate (filtered) water solution, and borax, zinc sulfate can be added by spraying. , calcium treasure, potassium amino acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and so on.
Second, strengthen water regulation
The tomato plant needs a large amount of water, but the root system has a strong ability to absorb water, requiring the soil moisture content to be in the level of 60-85%. The best growth occurs when the relative humidity is 50-65%. Tomatoes should be controlled appropriately after planting in order to increase the root growth of tomato roots and cultivate strong seedlings. Under the condition of guaranteeing the tomato's water demand, the quantity of irrigation water and times of irrigation in the greenhouse are minimized, the soil moisture is controlled, the source of moisture is reduced, and the relative humidity of the air in the greenhouse is reduced. Watering should be done in the morning with fine weather. After the watering is over, there should be 2-3 days of sunny days. After watering, it should be heated and then ventilated to avoid premature aging caused by excessively low temperature and no watering in cloudy or noon. Also note that the amount of water should not be too large for each time to prevent rooting. After each watering, it is necessary to pay attention to removing loose soil and improve soil permeability.
Third, timely pruning
The time for snoring is not too early or too late. For plants that grow weakly, snoring at night is appropriate, there is an increase in assimilation area, and more nutrients are produced, which is conducive to fruit growth. The first time you snore on a side branch to 7-10 cm is appropriate. You should remove it after seeing it. After the first fruit is sitting on the size of walnuts, the old leaves of the lower part should be removed, and the old leaves and diseased leaves should be removed in time. This will not only reduce the nutrient consumption of the plants, but also effectively control the spread and spread of the disease. It is conducive to ventilation and light in the field, promotes robust growth of plants, and prevents premature aging of plants. In addition, we must pay attention to the protection of the lower leaves, the harvest of the fruit, the lower part of the leaves should not be removed, so as not to cause the root system of the lack of leaf nutrient supply and premature aging. In the pruning work, it is required to gently hold the tomato tart and reduce the turning of the tomato louse. Pick up the heart at the right time and leave 2 leaves on the fruit.
Fourth, strengthen pest control
Prevent pests and diseases mainly. The current diseases mainly include early blight, late blight, and leaf mold, etc. It is important to pay attention to early prevention and early management, and control the spread of the disease as early as possible.
Fifth, pay attention to regulate growth
When the temperature is low, the plant slows down and the growth slows. When the plant growth is weak, the alkaloids can be sprayed on the leaves; the cytokinin can be sprayed when the leaves turn yellow; and the premature aging of the root can be sprayed with 6000 -8000 times more love to promote root growth. During the flowering period, fruit should be reasonably left. Pay attention to the balance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth. Do not leave too many fruits and cause fruit fall. Pay attention to timely harvesting. Advocating proper early harvesting of fruits can prevent premature aging of plants and promote multiple plant outcomes. The base of the tomato stolons is lignified. The upper part of the stem is a semi-stand-hemiform fleshy stem, which is fragile and easily damaged or broken. The fruit on the top of the tomato loses nutrients and water supply, resulting in premature aging. In particular, the first harvest, due to more fruit on the tomato fruit branch, less mature, but should reduce the turning of the tomato.