Early-maturing early-maturing cultivars have a short growing period, and their fertilization methods can be applied with reference to early rice.

Late rice

The fertilization technology of late rice is generally the same as that of early rice, and it is mainly to master the principle of “the middle of tapping and protecting the tail”. Early-maturing early-maturing cultivars have a short growing period, and their fertilization methods can be applied with reference to early rice. However, early rice varieties turn autumn, because the growth period is shorter than early production, and each technical link is a few days earlier than early production. The use of rice stalks and other crop drafts or organic fertilizers that have not been matured to make late-stage basal fertilizers should be combined with the use of lime to accelerate decomposition of fertilizers. Typical late-maturing late-maturing cultivars have a longer growing period, and later in the reproductive period, they are mostly in the period when the autumn is full of fresh and bright energy.

According to the high-yield cultivation experience of the Chaoshan region, the late rice-straining tail fertilizer can be divided into two kinds of panicle fertilizer and grain fertilizer.

Red feet, pan fertilizer. At the time of the equinox, if the seedlings have turned red for many days, the stalks are hard and the panicle fertilizer can be applied. This fertilizer can make part of the glutinous culm into a panicle, and it is also conducive to the growth and development of young panicles, reaching large grains and many grains; but at this time, the stems and parietal leaves of the seedlings are still unfinished. To avoid too long leaves later, fertilization should not be excessive, Generally can be controlled in ammonium sulfate 8-10 kg per acre. If the deficit is insufficient, no panicle fertilizer can be applied.

Whether the redness is sufficient can be identified from the following performances of the seedlings: 1. The seedlings reach the “four leaves blue and two yellow leaves”, that is, the upper part has three or four leaves of green, and there are two leaves with chlorosis or dryness. The seedlings will not be wrapped around the feet, indicating that the leaves are straight and the feet are dry. 2. The penultimate leaf of the main stem (the next leaf of the parietal lobe) and the penultimate leaf of the childbirth are uneven, indicating that the delivery is weak and the nutrient is insufficient. If the seedlings do not have the above-mentioned performance, it means that the redness is not enough, and panicle fertilizer should be applied slowly or not.

Generally about 7 days after the equinox, the application of panicle fertilizer is more appropriate. At this time, the top and bottom leaves of the main ear have been drawn out. After fertilization, the leaves will not become longer and wider, but only the leaves will be green and blue, and the heads will be fast and tidy. This time, the ear fertilizer such as ammonium sulfate can provide about 10 pounds per mu. If the seedlings are green and the redness is insufficient, the panicle fertilizer cannot be applied. However, some rice fields have applied a single fertilizer at the autumn equinox, as long as the seedlings are not weak, the leaf color is light and the weather is clear, and panicle fertilizer can still be properly applied.

Cold dew granules. After the cold dew, a strong grain fertilizer is applied, which is conducive to quick heading, reduction of neck packing, quick grout, less empty grains, and increased grain weight. Strong grain fertilizer generally applies 8-10 pounds of ammonium sulfate per acre, or 5-6 pounds of urea. When fertilizing, it depends on the growth of the seedlings and attention to the appropriate amount. If the seedlings do not show lack of fertilizer, put the fertilizer on it, or apply too much fertilizer, it will increase empty grains, and cause disease and lodging, especially after the application of rain The weather is more harmful.

Before rice is used for heading, it is possible to determine whether or not to apply strong fertilizer by peeling off the plants to see the ear of rice: If the grain of the tail of the ear is blue, the branch stems are also green, indicating foot fat; for example, a few grains at the end of the ear The valley is blue-white, the rest are white, and the branches are yellowish-white, indicating lack of fertilizer. For example, when heading, there is less neck, grain and branch with green color indicate foot fat; . In short, when the panicles show a lack of fertilizer, they can be applied with a strong grain fertilizer, and they can't be applied when they are full-featured. When we fertilize, we must also look at the weather. If fertilization occurs immediately after exposure to cold wind, rice will suffer even more. In the late stage of rice growth or after being affected by cold dew, the use of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3-4 plus 0.5-1 kg of urea per mus, and 120-150 pounds of water for root dressing is good.

>>vegetables

The principle of fertilization for vegetables is: Rational application of organic and inorganic fertilizers, emphasis on the application of organic fertilizers; Reapplying, deep basal fertilizer, and reasonable top dressing; Reasonable ratio of N, P and K, suitable for trace element fertilizer, optimization of fertilization period, amount of fertilization And fertilizer ratio.

For the characteristics of various types of vegetables, the specific fertilization recommendations are as follows:

Leaf vegetables. According to the output of 1,000 kilograms of leafy vegetables, the Mushi composting manure compost 150-250 kilograms of organic fertilizer, 7-15 kilograms of urea, 5-10 kilograms of superphosphate, and 3-7 kilograms of potassium chloride. All organic fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers were used as basic fertilizers. Nitrogen and potassium fertilizers were applied 4-7 times. The first application was made 3-4 days after planting and then applied every 7 days.

Melons. According to the production of 1,000 kg of melon per mu, the deforestation of the Mushi is 350-500 kg of organic manure, 22-30 kg of urea, 18-40 kg of superphosphate and 15-30 kg of potassium chloride. 80% of all organic fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers, and 20% of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers were used as basal fertilizers; total fertilizers were topdressed 8-10 times and topdressed once every 7-10 days. Nitrogen fertilizers accounted for topdressing before squashing. The total amount of 50% -60%, potassium fertilizer in the amount of topdressing after the fruiting accounted for 60% -70% of the total potassium, phosphorus fertilizer applied before the squash, topdressing after the application of leaching or buried; flowering results Spray trace elements fertilizer 3-4 times.

Beans. According to 1000 kg per bean, the amount of manure applied to the Mushi is 350-500 kg of organic manure, 8-18 kg of urea, 8-20 kg of superphosphate and 8-20 kg of potassium chloride. 20% of total phosphate fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and nitrogen and potassium fertilizer were used as base fertilizer; total fertilizer was applied 5-8 times in total, and fertilizer was applied once every 10-15 days from 7 days after planting. 70% of the application of nitrogen fertilizer was applied before the initial stage of flowering and scarring, and 60% of the topdressing potassium fertilizer was applied after flowering and scabbing, and boron, molybdenum and other trace fertilizers were appropriately applied at the later stage.

Solanum species. For each kilogram of kigas per kilogram, Mushi applies 400-500 kilograms of organic manure, 20-30 kilograms of urea, 30-50 kilograms of superphosphate, and 25-35 kilograms of potassium chloride. All organic fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers, 20% nitrogen and potassium fertilizers were used as base fertilizers. Dressing fertilizer should be lightly applied to seedlings, steadily applying flower bud fertilizer, and reapplying flower and fruit fertilizer.

60% of the topdressing N fertilizer was applied before the flowering stage, 70% of the topdressing K fertilizer was applied after the bud fertilizer, and the total period of top-dressing was 6-9 times. After 5-7 days after planting, the top dressing was applied once every 10 days. Fertilizer application 2-3 times, fertilization once every 5-7 days after flowering period.

>>peanut

The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed by peanuts is 3:0.4:1. Peanut growth process needs to absorb a variety of nutrients, including nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur and other large and medium-sized elements and boron, molybdenum, iron, zinc, manganese, copper, chlorine and other trace elements. Generally, for every 100 kilograms of pods produced, about 4-6 kilograms of nitrogen, 0.5-1.3 kilograms of phosphorus, and 2-4 kilograms of potassium are required.

Reasonable use of fertilizers can increase peanut production and improve quality. Fertilizer absorption at the seedling stage is very small, less than 10% of the total, which is the critical period for fertilization for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers. At this time, if the fertilizer is lacking, it will prevent the emergence of strong seedlings and nodule formation. The early flowering needle stage of late-maturing peanut or the late-maturing peanut pod stage is the peak period of absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers. The amount of fertilizer absorption accounts for about 60% of the total amount, and the amount of fertilizer absorption for mature fruits is only 10% of the total. %about.

Peanut fertilization technology is as follows:

base fertilizer. Peanut should focus on basal fertilizer. In general, 1000-1200 kg of farmyard manure, 5-10 kg of ammonium sulfate, 15-25 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate, and 5-10 kg of potassium chloride are applied per mu. Basal fertilizers should be mixed with fertilizers and farmyard fertilizers for about 20 days after layered fertilization, 2/3 deep for 30 cm deep soil layers, and 1/3 for 10-15 cm deep soil layers. In order to prevent the peanuts from growing in length, it is also possible to apply the farmyard fertilizers to the peanuts beforehand. This will not only benefit the rhizobia but also increase the amount of organic matter.

Fertilizer. About 1000 kg of good quality organic fertilizer was mixed with 5-10 kg of diammonium phosphate or 15-20 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. In addition, 0.2 kg of peanut rhizobium, combined with 10-25 g of ammonium molybdate, can achieve better economic benefits before planting peanuts.

top dressing. Generally used for basal, seed-fertilized wheat sets of peanuts or summer peanuts. Mu Shi decomposed organic fertilizer 500-1000 kg, 4-5 kg ​​of urea, 10 kg of superphosphate, before the beginning of peanut application. Can also be used 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 2% urea solution, in the late combination of peanut leaf spot control, rust and fungicides mixed foliar spray 2-3 times.

Micro fat. In the more alkaline calcareous soil to consider the application of iron, boron, manganese and other trace fertilizers; in the rainy areas of the acidic soil should pay attention to molybdenum, boron and other fertilizers. Fertilizer can be used as base fertilizer, seed fertilizer, soaking seed, seed dressing, and spraying outside the roots. Generally, the effect of spraying seed dressing and flowering season is the best, and 0.1%-0.2% concentration is better when spraying.

>>sweet corn

From the perspective of the nutritional characteristics of corn, corn needs more fertilizer, and the suction fertilizer is more concentrated. It needs to absorb 2.7 kg of nitrogen, 1.04 kg of phosphorus and 2.54 kg of potassium per 100 kg of grain. The ratio of NPK is 2.7:1:2.68. As a reference to fertilizer requirements.

The absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in corn from the jointing stage to the pollination stage reaches a peak, and nitrogen accounts for 55%-60% of the total growth period, phosphorus accounts for 55%-60%, and potassium accounts for 70%-100%. The first peak for corn nutrient absorption. From pollination to maturity, especially grain formation to grain milk maturity, is the second peak of corn uptake. Under the target yield of 400-500 kg per mu, sweet corn will be applied with 8-9 kg of nitrogen, 5-6 kg of phosphorus, and 7-8 kg of potassium per acre, which will result in higher yield and better quality.

For fertilizing sweet corn, it is necessary to master the application of base fertilizer and apply good fertilizer. Miao catch fertilizer in the early stage, the principle of heavy panicle fertilizer in the later period. In order to ensure that sweet corn can be brought up in the morning and the supply time can be extended, measures such as mulching and staged sowing can be adopted. The depth of sowing should be 3-5 cm. Reasonable dense planting can increase the number of ears per unit area, but close planting should take into account factors such as variety, fertilization level and planting methods. details as follows:

base fertilizer. Mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizers, apply 2000 kg of fertilizer and 20 kg of compound fertilizer per mu. It is required that N:P:K=1:0.7:1.3, plus 1.5-2 kg of trace elements of zinc sulfate and 1-1.5 kg of borax. The zinc sulfate and borax should first be mixed with 25-50 kg of dry manure or pond mud powder. And urea, superphosphate, potassium chloride and other mix can be used, with the use of, with a long set of potassium chloride urea water regain, but does not affect fertilizer efficiency.

Seedling fertilizer. At the five-leaf stage, the seedlings were set in time, shallow-medium tillage soil, and then top dressing, applying 10 kg of urea per mu, and small earth. Sweet corn seedlings are more tolerant to drought, suitable soil moisture is 60%-70% of the field water holding capacity, and they are most afraid of damage during seedling stage. Waterlogging can kill seedlings overnight and should be drained in time. Fertilizer enough to accelerate the speed of leaf differentiation, increase the total number of leaves, increase leaf area and promote the development of tassels. The root system of sweet corn needs a large amount of oxygen, which requires good soil porosity and ventilation. In the seedling stage, timely cultivating loose soil and small cultivating soil are important measures to promote the deepening of the root system and cannot be omitted. Without cultivating rigged soil and excessive soil moisture, the root system will extend upward and cause a reduction in production.

Jointing stage fertilizer. During the jointing stage of maize, the top-dressing and tapping bar fertilizer has the functions of rooting and strengthening seedlings, promoting the growth of leaves, and fertilizing methods: 10-15 cm deep ditching is applied for ditching, and then the soil is covered with 30-40 kg of compound fertilizer per mu. The top dressing fertilizer sprayed humic acid calcium treasure 300 times +0.1% borax.;;

Booting stage (big bell) attack panicle fertilizer. The spikelets of the ear differentiate at the 12th to 14th leaf stage of the corn growth. Since the vegetative growth shifts to the reproductive growth stage, it is very important to attack the fertilizer at this stage. The time of the spike application should be at the stage of differentiation of the spikelets and florets. it is good. Generally applied 12 days before tasseling. Requires complete nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, of which potassium is the most abundant, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus. The tasseling and flowering period is a sensitive period for sweet corn and requires that the soil water content be 80% of the field water holding capacity. It is the period with the most water requirement during the entire growth period. “Drought flowering time, cut production by half”, and even the male flower can not be pumped out. Sufficient water in the tasseling period is extremely important for high yields. After the pollination is completed, the tassels are removed and the tassel damage can be reduced. The removal of large grass in the later period can avoid nutrient contention, prevent the lower leaves from falling and reduce pests and diseases. Each mu of self compound fertilizer 30-40 kg, combined with irrigation.;

Granulated fertilizer during grain filling. After the pollination, the corn female flower becomes brown after pollination, and the corn enters the reproductive growth period. During this period, the top-dressing fertilizer is called attacking granular fertilizer, which can promote grain plumpness and increase grain weight. In this period, the use of humic acid calcium treasure 300 times +0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate as the extra-root fertilizer ,Better results. Boron and zinc are the more sensitive elements of corn, and boron can promote the establishment of reproductive organs and prevent empty ears. When the available boron in soil is below 0.5mg/kg, borax 0.5-1.0kg can be used as base fertilizer. Can also be applied to the roots, spray concentration of about 0.1%. From the stretch of the female ear, spray every 7 days for a total of 3-4 sprays. Zinc deficiency is likely to cause "white bud disease". When the available zinc content of the soil is below 1mg/kg, 1.5-2.5kg of zinc sulfate should be applied per acre or sprayed with 0.1% zinc sulfate during the elongation of the female ear 2-3. Times.

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