Feeding of pregnant sows

When pregnant sows are raised, they have to achieve three indicators: First, produce large, robust, and large numbers of live piglets; Second, postpartum sow breast development is normal, more milk production; Third, as far as possible to save feed, reduce newborn piglets Cost of production. Therefore, feeding pregnant sows is a simple and complicated job.

After 3 days, 8 to 25 days, and 70 to 90 days in the middle period, it is a period of 3 times to prevent high-energy feeding, because high nutrient intake will lead to early death of fertilized eggs, failure of embryo implantation and poor breast development. Both high nutrient intakes increased the proportion of empty arms and decreased litter size. The latter period of high nutrition resulted in poor postpartum mammary gland development and decreased lactation performance.

All sows were grouped by breeding time (weeks) on the gestation column. Pregnancy is divided into 3 stages according to the standard feeding. The gestating sows are regularly evaluated and fed and managed in 3 stages according to the pregnancy stage. Feeding during the first trimester of pregnancy was 1.8 to 2.7kg per head per day, feeding within the second trimester of pregnancy was 2.0 to 2.0 skg per head per day, and feeding for the last 1 month. The amount was 2.8-3.5 skg per head per day. Feeding was started 1 week before birth and the amount of material was appropriately reduced.

Each feed must be quasi-fast and fast to reduce stress. To give each pig enough time to eat, do not prematurely put water in the trough so as to avoid wastage. In the summer heat season, fat can be added to the feed.

The basic feeding requirements for pregnant sows are:

After sowing, the sows were immediately reared separately, and the limit diet for the first 3 weeks was no more than 7 kg, 3 to 12 weeks, 2.5 to 2.8 kg, 12 to 15 weeks, 2. 8 to 3 4.8 kg, and 15 weeks to the delivery period. Gradually dropped to 7kg, no feeding on the day of delivery.

2 . Management of pregnant sows

(l) Do not feed moldy feed to prevent poisoning and miscarriage; reduce stress and protect against miscarriage.

(2) Pregnancy diagnosis Under normal conditions, sows that no longer have estrus after 21 days of mating can determine pregnancy. Its performance is: snooze, appetite, easy to wear, light fur, tame, stable behavior, the cracks in the vulva contracted down into a line. Do a good job of checking the relapses within 18 to 65 days after mating. If there is no pregnancy, then pay close attention to breeding at the next estrus. If sows are already pregnant, strengthen their feeding management. A simple and easy way to determine: First, if the sows do not reappear after 21 days of mating; Second, the sows increase their appetite, increase the weight of the sow, the coat is shiny, the temperament is docile, the action is calm, drowsiness, and the tail droops naturally. When the pussy shrinks into a line and walks with her tail in her drive, it is basically determined that she is pregnant.

In production practice, very few sows were found to have estrus after gestation, but their estrus symptoms were not obvious, estrus time was short, and they often climbed over other sows but did not receive boar crosses. This was a sow. The phenomenon of "sham-emotion" is due to the fact that the sow's ovary does not ovulate. Therefore, it is not suitable for breeding. Otherwise, it will be detrimental to the sow and even cause miscarriage. The sows also have a "pseudo-pregnancy" situation, in which the sows do not have long-term pregnancies after mating, but the abdomen is enlarged every day and the breasts are full-grown. Sometimes the nipples can squeeze out the milk before and after the "pre-term" period. But in the end, no piglets were produced and the abdomen and breasts slowly contracted back. The reason is that due to the early embryonic death was absorbed, but the pregnancy corpus luteum continues to exist, still secreting progesterone, so the phenomenon of pseudopregnancy. The method of preventing false pregnancy is mainly to improve the nutritional conditions before and after sow mating, and to increase the feeding of green and succulent feeds in early spring to prevent and treat the diseases of sow reproductive organs so as to ensure the normal development of follicles and ovulation, and to ensure the normal embryos. Development reduces death.

(3) Avoiding the effect of high temperature and high temperature on sows affects the sow 3 weeks after delivery and 3 weeks before delivery. After 3 weeks, high temperature will increase the impact of embryo implantation in the uterus, and 3 weeks before delivery, due to fetal pigs. If it grows too fast, the pigs will reduce the blood supply to the uterus in order to fight heat stress, resulting in insufficient blood supply to the fetus, weakening or even death. In other periods, sows have a certain resistance to high temperatures, but prolonged high temperatures at any time are not conducive to pregnancy. Pregnancy cooling during the hot season is an indispensable management measure.

(4) Appropriate exercise caused an increase in the number of stillbirths and mummified fetuses. In addition to diseases, it was also associated with poor exercise and poor blood flow in sows during pregnancy. This was confirmed in the comparison between positioning bars and small group rearings. In production, the positioning bar facilitates the control of feed, keeps pigs in lyrical condition, and has a small proportion of abortions, but it is prone to stillbirths. It has a large proportion of mummy-producing and weak-bred pigs, and has a high rate of hard-to-yield and high elimination rate; while small-circle feeding is difficult to control, Therefore, it is easy to cause the shortcomings of high empty rate in the early stage and large proportion of abortion in the latter stage. How to achieve the harmony of the above two, the following methods are available for reference:

1 each 20 days before and after positioning bar feeding, medium-term small circle polyculture;

2 full-time small circle polyculture, before the mid-term use of feeding the next day, late free intake;

3 Full-time positioning column, releasing out-of-home activities regularly in the middle period.

(5) Do a good job of immunization According to "Immunization Procedures", do a good job of immunizing all kinds of vaccines, prevent the occurrence of severe infectious diseases, prevent heat stroke, and prevent mechanical abortion.

(6) The pregnant sows are transferred to the delivery room 1 week before their delivery, flushed and sterilized prior to transfer, and also have internal and external parasites.

(7) Routine working procedures

In the morning: go to work, check the barn and the pigs rise to fill the trough. Feeding. Observe feeding conditions and check for pre-producing pigs. Sweep the bucket to clean up bulk materials and sanitation. Pigs are checked and treated* off duty.

Afternoon: go to work - check the condition of the pen and pigs. Observe the feeding situation - sweeping the bar - sweeping the bulk material - draining the gutter - check - off work.

3 . Sows rearing methods and improvement

(1) Pregnant sows feeding methods There are two kinds of feeding methods for pregnant sows: one is feeding in the positioning bar, and the other is feeding in small groups; the small group is feeding sows with similar breeding time, weight and sex. In the same cycle, 4 to 5 heads per lap and 1 to 3 heads per lap in the later gestation period. The advantage of small-group rearing is that pregnant sows can move freely (some small games are also provided outside the circle). Scramble can promote appetite. The disadvantage is that if the size and temperament of the group are inappropriately matched, the timid sow will eat less and affect the growth and development of the fetus.

(2) Improvement methods

1 Rear positioning bar rearing, pre-medium small group rearing. It is still difficult to avoid the problem of uneven feed intake in the early and mid-term, as nutrition is adjusted according to the body condition at a later stage.

2 is the same as 1, except that the post-positioning bar is only used for pigs whose body condition is too fat or too thin. others are still ensconced in small groups, which can save the construction cost of some positioning columns. However, the above problems still exist.

3 During the whole pregnancy, use the next day feeding method, add the feed for two days to the sows at one time, and allow them to feed freely until they finish eating. This method is proved to be feasible by experiments and the production effect is similar to the positioning column. . The use of this scheme should ensure that each pig has enough feed troughs to prevent miscarriage due to crowding during feeding.

4 Increase the content of non-nutrients such as crude fiber in the feed. The disadvantage of this method is that while increasing the cost of feeding, it cannot completely solve the obesity of the sow, because the feed intake of some pigs will gradually increase.

Intermediate

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