New technology for cancer treatment: catching cancer cells

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The University of British Columbia in Canada has developed a new method for separating cancer cells that escape from tumor tissue and helping doctors to better diagnose and treat.

The new method requires a special separation device that squeezes the cells in the blood sample through a micro funnel-like tube based on the difference in size and softness of the tumor cells and blood cells, thereby driving the tumor cells and blood cells into different flow channels for separation.

Ma Hongsheng, a professor of mechanical engineering at the school who led the study, said that circulating tumor cells that escaped into the bloodstream and could spread to other tissues were very useful for assessing the patient's condition to select the best treatment. These cells are particularly important for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. The typical mode of metastasis of prostate cancer is bone metastasis, which is often difficult or almost impossible to perform.

Ma Hongsheng's research team designed microfluidic devices to capture cancer cells based on different internal structures, using mechanical analysis to replace blood biochemical analysis used in routine medical diagnostics. The researchers tested the device for the first time using blood samples with cancer cells and analyzed blood samples from 20 patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (an advanced cancer form) and 4 healthy individuals.

Tests have shown that the device can capture more than 90% of the cells. More importantly, this microfluidic device captures up to 25 times more cancer cells in patient samples than traditional cell search systems, with fewer false positives.

Currently, the research team is working on genetic analysis of individual circulating tumor cells in patients to identify mutant cancer cells that may cause metastasis, thereby helping doctors choose the best treatment.

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